TTL & Microprocessors

TTL (that is transistor – transistor logic) is 50 years old

http://www.embedded.com/electronics-blogs/break-points/4431173/TTL-turns-50–more-or-less–in-2014-

Good article on the history of TTL

http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-rise-of-ttl-how-fairchild-won-a-battle-but-lost-the-war/

A 4bit microprocessor built in TTL

http://www.bigmessowires.com/nibbler/

An even simpler TTL processor

http://www.bradrodriguez.com/papers/piscedu2.htm

A more complex TTL microprocessor

http://www.mycpu.eu/

See inside the 74181 ALU

http://www.righto.com/2017/01/die-photos-and-reverse-engineering.html

A TTL processor that does not use the 74181 ALU also interesting web-ring

http://www.galacticelectronics.com/Simple4BitCPU.HTML

Not a lot of people remember the Signetics 8200 series and the AMD 9300 series TTL

While I am on a historical bent, this site is good on old microprocessors etc.

http://www.cpushack.com/

The z80 versus the 6502

http://www.luke.maurits.id.au/blog/post/on-choosing-the-z80-over-the-6502.html

Simple z80, 6502 and 6909 computer designs

http://searle.hostei.com/grant/index.html

The development of the 6502

http://www.commodore.ca/commodore-history/the-rise-of-mos-technology-the-6502/

A FPGA version of the 6502

https://forums.xilinx.com/t5/Xcell-Daily-Blog/Cycle-exact-6502-processor-clone-fits-in-0-77-of-a-Spartan-7-and/ba-p/798317

🆕Illegal opcodes of the 6502

https://www.pagetable.com/?p=39

🆕Gate level model of the Z80 in an FPGA

http://baltazarstudios.com/z80-ground/

This on the 70s and 80s personal computer boom

http://www.filfre.net/about-me/sitemap/

Historical computer designs index

https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/hist.html

The modern way of designing a microprocessor using VHDL

http://labs.domipheus.com/blog/designing-a-cpu-in-vhdl-part-1-rationale-tools-method/

http://labs.domipheus.com/blog/tpu-series-quick-links/

These days you normally turn a 7400 TTL design into a FPGA. Here a designer has emulated a FPGA with 7400 TTL

http://blog.notdot.net/2012/10/Build-your-own-FPGA

🆕Here a designer has implemented VHDL with TTL chips

http://pepijndevos.nl/2019/07/18/vhdl-to-pcb.html

People still use DOS

https://opensource.com/life/16/9/interview-jim-hall-freedos

The 16 bit (2 byte) microprocessor came out in the mid seventies

More on the TI 9900:

https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/heroic-failures/the-inside-story-of-texas-instruments-biggest-blunder-the-tms9900-microprocessor

I have not been paying attention to what can be squeezed into the humble 8 pin DIL package. How about the NXP LPC810M, a 32 bit ARM microcontroller or the Microchip 128K X 8 serial SRAM? Are they the most complex chips put in the package? ST have also put a 32 bit ARM in a 8 pin SOIC package:

https://www.cnx-software.com/2019/09/23/stmicro-launches-the-first-8-pin-stm32-microcontrollers/

Cloning electronics hardware

http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/invasion-of-the-hardware-snatchers-cloned-electronics-pollute-the-market

Fortran is 60!

https://opensource.com/article/17/11/happy-60th-birthday-fortran

Humorous article on why real programmers use Fortran

http://web.mit.edu/humor/Computers/real.programmers

A brief history of programming languages

https://medium.com/commitlog/a-brief-totally-accurate-history-of-programming-languages-d2e2b09553f8

Unix is 50!

https://www.bell-labs.com/var/articles/celebrating-50-years-unix/

How to design an ASIC on a budget

https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/computing/hardware/lowbudget-chip-design-how-hard-is-it

Sinclair ZX81 emulator

http://www.zx81stuff.org.uk/zx81/jtyone.html

How HP got into the computer business:

http://www.hp9825.com/html/hp_2116.html

🆕Don Lancasters TTL cookbook (12Meg download)

https://www.tinaja.com/ebooks/TTLCB1.pdf

🆕Using FPGAs for audio processing

https://justanotherelectronicsblog.com/?p=402#more-402

Video on a FPGA

https://www.fpgarelated.com/showarticle/42.php

FPGA design for software engineers

https://www.walknsqualk.com/post/014-tiny-fpga-bx/

A DIY 6502 made with TTL

https://c74project.com/

One reason may be why Basic is not much used now:

https://liam-on-linux.livejournal.com/71381.html

Transistor level recreation of the 6502

https://jscitech.ir/news-views/6502-microprocessor-but-7000-times-bigger/farhad/268/

A tiny computer for Tiny Basic

https://gergo.erdi.hu/blog/2020-11-17-a_tiny_computer_for_tiny_basic/

American Spectrum

https://nicole.express/2018/nicole-buys-timex-sinclair.html

Fifty years since the first microprocessor, namely the Intel 4004

https://www.eejournal.com/article/say-happy-50th-birthday-to-the-microprocessor-part-i/

The Transputer lives! I wondered what happened to the Transputer, development was done at Inmos Bristol, I seem to recall.

https://hackaday.com/2021/08/05/raspberry-pi-pico-used-as-a-transputer/

Iann Barron (inventor of Transputer) RIP

https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/07/farewell_barron_freed/

A TTL radio!

https://acidbourbon.wordpress.com/2021/04/11/a-74xx-defined-radio/

Old CPU site

https://sites.google.com/site/oldcpusrus/

FPGA debugger

https://fpgaer.tech/?p=346

Interesting TTL clone of the Spectrum

https://www.hackster.io/news/cloning-cobra-a-romanian-crromputer-that-cloned-the-spectrum-48k-efdbbee53c88

Protected mode on the Z80

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLSUAVPKeYk

Early microcontrollers

https://www.eejournal.com/article/a-history-of-early-microcontrollers-part-1-calculator-chips-came-first/

A 100MHz 6502

https://www.e-basteln.de/computing/65f02/65f02/